Remote Patient Monitoring: Improving Chronic Disease Management 

Remote Patient Monitoring: Improving Chronic Disease Management 

by Ree AI Health Tech Med Tech

Chronic diseases affect millions worldwide, placing a significant burden on healthcare systems. The World Health Organization reports that chronic diseases account for 74% of all deaths globally. One of the most promising methods of chronic disease management is remote patient monitoring (RPM). Let’s explore how RPM helps people with chronic disease have a better quality of life.

Contents

What is Remote Patient Monitoring?

RPM is a healthcare delivery method that uses technology to collect patient data outside of traditional healthcare settings. But what exactly does this mean for patients and healthcare providers?

Definition of remote patient monitoring

RPM involves using digital technologies to gather and transmit health data from patients to healthcare providers. This allows for continuous monitoring of a patient’s health status without the need for frequent in-person visits.

Key components of RPM systems

ECG monitor closeup on stomach

A typical RPM system consists of several essential components:

  1. Sensing devices: These collect patient data such as blood pressure, heart rate, or blood glucose levels.

  2. Data transmission: The collected data is sent securely to healthcare providers.

  3. Data analysis: Healthcare professionals review and interpret the data.

  4. Patient interface: Patients can view their data and receive feedback through apps or web portals.

  5. Alert systems: Automated alerts notify healthcare providers of any concerning changes in a patient’s condition (Peyroteo et al., 2021).

Types of data collected through RPM

RPM systems can collect various kinds of health data, including:

This comprehensive data collection allows healthcare providers to gain a more complete picture of a patient’s health over time.

Common Chronic Diseases Managed with RPM

RPM is effective in managing many kinds of chronic conditions. Let’s look at some of the most common diseases that benefit from RPM.

Heart disease, CHF, and hypertension

RPM plays a crucial role in cardiovascular disease management, including heart disease, chronic heart failure (CHF), and hypertension (Zhang, et al., 2023). 

Patients can regularly monitor their blood pressure, heart rate, and other vital signs at home. This continuous monitoring helps healthcare providers to adjust medications and interventions as needed, which may prevent heart attacks and strokes.

Diabetes

Woman sticking herself with insulin needle

For patients with diabetes, RPM can be a game-changer. Continuous glucose monitoring systems allow for real-time tracking of blood sugar levels, helping patients and healthcare providers make informed decisions about insulin dosing and lifestyle changes. Studies have shown that RPM can lead to significant improvements in HbA1c levels, a key indicator of long-term blood sugar control.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Woman on dialysis machine

RPM is becoming increasingly important in kidney care by using technology to support patients who need renal replacement therapy (RRT). 

RPM can improve patient outcomes, reduce hospital stays, and enhance treatment adherence. It also saves time and money for both patients and healthcare providers. A care plan for chronic kidney disease that includes RPM can help with patient education, CKD self-management, and home dialysis care. They can increase patient independence and improve their quality of life (Mata-Lima, 2024).

Asthma

Boy in bed using inhaler

For asthma patients, RPM can help track symptoms, medication use, and lung function. This information allows healthcare providers to adjust treatment plans and identify triggers, leading to better asthma control. A review of RPM interventions for asthma found improvements in quality of life and reductions in emergency department visits.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

COPD patients can benefit greatly from RPM. When health providers monitor oxygen levels, lung function, and symptoms, they can detect exacerbations early and intervene before hospitalization becomes necessary.

 

Anemia

Anemia, a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, affects millions worldwide. It can lead to fatigue, weakness, and other health complications. RPM can helps manage anemia in many ways:

  • Early Detection: RPM can help detect anemia-related complications early by collecting data on patients’ blood oxygen levels and other indicators. This allows for timely interventions, reducing the risk of severe health issues.

Now let’s look at specific benefits of using RPM to manage chronic conditions.

Benefits of RPM for Chronic Disease Management

Implementing RPM in chronic disease management has several advantages for both patients and healthcare systems. 

Early detection of health issues

One of the most significant advantages of RPM is its ability to detect potential health issues early. By continuously monitoring patient data, healthcare providers can identify concerning trends or sudden changes before they become serious problems. This proactive approach can lead to timely interventions and prevent complications (Peyroteo et al., 2021).

Improved medication adherence

Medication adherence is crucial for managing chronic diseases effectively. RPM systems often include medication reminders and tracking features, which can significantly improve adherence rates. A review of multiple studies found that RPM interventions increased medication adherence by an average of 22%.

Better patient engagement and self-management

Man taking pulse oximeter reading

RPM empowers patients to take an active role in managing their health. A real-world use study reported RPM helps better adherence to CHF treatment regimens (Patrick et al., 2023). And RPM adherence is associated with better patient outcomes (Sabatier et al., 2022).

By providing real-time feedback and educational resources, these systems help patients better understand their conditions and make informed decisions about their care. This increased engagement can lead to improved health outcomes and quality of life for those living with chronic diseases (Peyroteo et al., 2021).

Reduced hospital readmissions

ER and urgent care entrance

RPM has shown promising results in reducing hospital readmissions for patients with chronic conditions. 

A study published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research found that RPM reduced 30-day hospital readmissions by 76% for patients with heart failure (Bashi et al., 2017). And another study showed a reduction in hospitalizations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients using RPM (Polsky et al., 2023).

Fewer trips back to the hospital improves patient outcomes and helps reduce healthcare costs.

Cost savings and effectiveness

Noninvasive RPM can be cost-effective compared to traditional methods for managing chronic disease (De Guzman et al., 2022).

RPM requires an initial investment in equipment and training. But over the long run, it can reduce healthcare costs long-term by preventing expensive health events like hospital readmissions, although those savings may take time to manifest. Technology advances may lower costs over time.

The level of cost-effectiveness also varies by disease and context. Studies on hypertension, COPD, and heart failure show the highest benefits for hypertension. Effectiveness depends on patient targeting and integration into existing healthcare systems. Local factors and clinical settings influence RPM’s cost-effectiveness, which emphasizes the need for tailored implementation plans.

RPM Technologies and Devices

The success of remote patient monitoring relies heavily on the technologies and devices used to collect and transmit patient data. Let’s explore some of the key tools in the RPM arsenal.

Wearable devices and sensors

Black woman smiling at phone with glucose meter on arm

Wearable technology has come a long way in recent years. These devices can now track a wide range of health metrics, including:

Many of these devices are designed to be comfortable and discreet, allowing for continuous monitoring without disrupting daily life.

Mobile health apps

Mobile health apps serve as the interface between patients and their health data. These apps often provide:

  • Data visualization and trends

  • Medication reminders

  • Educational resources

  • Communication tools for connecting with healthcare providers

The user-friendly nature of these apps makes it easier for patients to stay engaged with their health management.

Home-based monitoring equipment

Black man using his blood pressure monitor at home

For more specialized monitoring, home-based equipment can provide detailed health information. This may include:

These devices are designed to be easy to use, allowing patients to take accurate measurements at home.

Data transmission and analysis platforms

The backbone of any RPM system is the platform that receives, stores, and analyzes patient data. These platforms use secure cloud-based systems to:

  • Aggregate data from multiple sources

  • Apply algorithms to detect patterns and anomalies

  • Generate alerts for healthcare providers

  • Provide detailed reports for clinical decision-making

How to Implement RPM in a Healthcare Setting

While the benefits of RPM are clear, implementing these systems in healthcare settings can be challenging. Here are some key considerations for successful RPM implementation.

Choose the right RPM solution

Selecting an appropriate RPM solution is crucial for success. Healthcare providers should consider:

  • The specific needs of their patient population

  • Integration capabilities with existing electronic health record systems

  • User-friendliness for both patients and healthcare staff

  • Scalability to accommodate future growth

It’s important to evaluate multiple options and pilot test solutions before full implementation.

Train healthcare providers and patients

Nurse going over a chart with patient

Proper training is essential for both healthcare providers and patients to ensure effective use of RPM systems. This may include:

  • Hands-on training sessions for healthcare staff

  • Patient education materials and support resources

  • Ongoing technical support for troubleshooting issues

Investing in comprehensive training can significantly improve adoption rates and overall success of RPM programs.

Integrate RPM with existing health IT systems

Seamless integration with existing health information technology systems is crucial for success with RPM, which allows for:

  • Automatic data transfer to electronic health records (EHRs)

  • Streamlined workflow for healthcare providers

  • Comprehensive patient health profiles

A smooth integration takes a collaborative effort between IT teams, RPM vendors, and healthcare staff.

Address privacy and security concerns

As with any system handling sensitive health information, privacy and security are paramount in RPM. Healthcare organizations must:

  • Implement robust data encryption measures

  • Ensure compliance with HIPAA and other relevant regulations

  • Regularly audit and update security protocols

  • Educate patients on best practices for protecting their health data

Overcoming Challenges in RPM Adoption

While RPM offers numerous benefits, there are several challenges that healthcare organizations must address for successful adoption.

Man holding Medicare card

Reimbursement and insurance coverage

One of the primary barriers to RPM adoption has been uncertainty around reimbursement. However, recent changes in healthcare policies have improved the situation:

  • Medicare now provides reimbursement for certain RPM services

  • Many private insurers are following suit because they understand the cost-saving potential of RPM

Healthcare providers should stay informed about evolving reimbursement policies and advocate for expanded coverage.

Patient compliance and technology acceptance

Glucose meter on hand with a blood drop

For RPM to be effective, patients must consistently use the provided monitoring devices and follow recommended protocols. Strategies to improve compliance include:

  • Selecting user-friendly devices and apps

  • Providing ongoing patient education and support

  • Using motivational techniques, such as gamification or reward programs

  • Tailoring RPM programs to individual patient needs and preferences

Data management and interpretation

The large volume of data generated by RPM systems can be overwhelming for healthcare providers. To address this challenge:

  • Implement robust data analytics tools to identify meaningful trends and anomalies

  • Provide training for healthcare staff on data interpretation

  • Develop clear protocols for responding to alerts and abnormal readings

  • Consider incorporating artificial intelligence to assist with data analysis

As RPM technology evolves, regulatory frameworks are struggling to keep pace. Healthcare organizations must navigate:

  • Evolving FDA regulations for medical devices and software

  • State-specific telemedicine laws and licensing requirements

  • International considerations for cross-border remote care

Staying informed about regulatory changes and working with legal experts can help organizations navigate these complex issues.

The Future of RPM in Chronic Disease Management

As technology continues to advance, the future of RPM in chronic disease management looks promising. Here are some exciting developments on the horizon.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning integration

AI and machine learning take RPM to the next level as they can:

Expansion of RPM to new disease areas

While RPM has proven effective for common chronic conditions, we’re likely to see its application expand to other areas, such as:

  • Mental health monitoring

  • Neurological conditions like Parkinson’s disease

  • Post-surgical recovery and rehabilitation

  • Rare diseases that require specialized monitoring

Potential for population health management

People around a globe

RPM data, when aggregated and analyzed at a population level, can provide valuable insights for public health initiatives. This could lead to:

  • More targeted health interventions

  • Improved resource allocation in healthcare systems

  • Better understanding of disease trends and risk factors

  • Enhanced ability to respond to public health crises

Evolving healthcare policies and regulations

As RPM becomes more widespread, we can expect to see:

  • Continued expansion of reimbursement policies

  • Development of standardized guidelines for RPM implementation

  • Increased focus on interoperability standards for health data exchange

  • Greater emphasis on patient data ownership and privacy rights

RPM offers a proactive approach to chronic disease management that benefits both patients and providers. By enabling continuous, real-time health tracking and timely interventions, RPM can significantly improve patient outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and enhance the quality of life for those living with chronic conditions.

As technology continues to advance and healthcare systems adapt, the role of RPM in chronic disease management will likely expand, paving the way for more personalized and efficient healthcare delivery. Embracing this innovative approach can lead to a healthier future for millions of people worldwide.

References

Bashi, N., Karunanithi, M., Fatehi, F., Ding, H., & Walters, D. (2017). Remote Monitoring of Patients With Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Journal of Medical Internet Research; 19(1). doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6571

Centellas-Pérez, F. J., Ortega-Cerrato, A., et al. (2023). Impact of Remote Monitoring on Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology-Peritoneal Dialysis. Clinical Research; 9(2),266-276. doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2023.10.034

De Guzman, K. R., Snoswell, C. L., Taylor, M. L., Gray, L. C., & Caffery, L. J. (2022). Economic Evaluations of Remote Patient Monitoring for Chronic Disease: A Systematic Review. Value in Health; 25(6), 897-913. doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2021.12.001

Fakunle, A. (2022). The Future of Healthcare: How Remote Patient Monitoring Transforms Healthcare. Cleverdev Software. Retrieved from https://www.cleverdevsoftware.com/blog/the-future-of-healthcare

Mata-Lima, A., Paquete, A. R., & Serrano-Olmedo, J. J. (2024). Remote patient monitoring and management in nephrology: A systematic review. Nefrología. doi.org/10.1016/j.nefro.2024.01.005

Noncommunicable diseases. (2023). World Health Orgination (WHO). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases

Patrick, J., Picard, F., Girerd, N., et al. (2023). Security and performance of remote patient monitoring for chronic heart failure with Satelia® Cardio: first results from real-world use. Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine; 8:042–50. doi:10.29328/journal.jccm.1001152

Peyroteo, M., Ferreira, I. A., Elvas, L. B., Ferreira, J. C., & Lapão, L. V. (2021). Remote Monitoring Systems for Patients With Chronic Diseases in Primary Health Care: Systematic Review. JMIR MHealth and UHealth; 9(12). doi.org/10.2196/28285

Polsky, M., Moraveji, N., Hendricks, A., Teresi, R. K., Murray, R., & Maselli D. J. (2023). Use of Remote Cardiorespiratory Monitoring is Associated with a Reduction in Hospitalizations for Subjects with COPD. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; 18:219-229. doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S388049

Sabatier, R., Legallois, D., Jodar, M., et al. (2022). Impact of patient engagement in a French telemonitoring programme for heart failure on hospitalization and mortality. ESC Heart Failure; 9(5):2886–2898. doi:10.1002/ehf2.13978

Telehealth Interventions to Improve Chronic Disease. (2024). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/cardiovascular-resources/php/data-research/telehealth.html

Zhang, Y., Peña, M. T., Fletcher, L. M., Lal, L., Swint, J. M., & Reneker, J. C. (2023). Economic evaluation and costs of remote patient monitoring for cardiovascular disease in the United States: a systematic review. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care;39(1):e25. doi:10.1017/S0266462323000156

Pediatric Telehealth: Bringing Expert Care to Kids at Home

Pediatric Telehealth: Bringing Expert Care to Kids at Home

by Ree AI Health Tech

Pediatric telehealth, the practice of providing medical care to kids remotely, is becoming more popular each year. A survey by Amwell and Nemours Children’s Health found that 61% of parents were willing to use online pediatric services. 

This article discusses the benefits, challenges, and ways telehealth for children can improve pediatric care.

Contents

What is Pediatric Telehealth?

Pediatric telehealth uses digital technology to deliver healthcare services to children. Healthcare providers can use video calls, secure messaging, and mobile health apps to offer medical consultations, diagnoses, and treatments remotely (Tully et al., 2021). 

Pediatric telehealth includes various services like virtual doctor visits, e-prescriptions, and remote monitoring. It aims to make healthcare more accessible and convenient for children and their families, especially those living in rural or underserved areas (Hall et al., 2015).

Pediatric telehealth service types 

Doctor talking to parent and child on laptop

Pediatric telehealth offers various services, such as:

  • Virtual doctor visits: These include urgent care, routine check-ups, follow-up appointments, and consultations for minor illnesses or injuries.

  • Mental health services: Telehealth provides access to pediatric psychology and behavioral health support, which is crucial to address mental health issues in children.

  • Chronic condition management: With telehealth, conditions like asthma, diabetes, and gastrointestinal issues can be monitored and managed remotely.

  • Specialty care: Pediatric specialties such as endocrinology, dermatology, and neurology can be accessed through telehealth, allowing families to consult specialists without traveling long distances.

Primary care pediatricians report using telehealth for sick visits (91%), mental health visits (85%), and chronic disease visits (71%). Over 80% of pediatricians reported telehealth was very effective or moderately effective for mental health and chronic disease visits.

Technologies used for pediatric telehealth

The technologies that enable pediatric telehealth include:

  • Video conferencing tools: Platforms like Zoom or Skype facilitate face-to-face interactions between healthcare providers and patients.

  • Secure messaging: This allows for confidential communication between families and healthcare providers.

  • Remote monitoring devices: Wearable devices and home monitoring tools help track vital signs and other health metrics.

  • Mobile health apps: These apps provide educational resources, appointment scheduling, and medication reminders.

Benefits of Telehealth for Kids and Families

Woman and baby looking at tablet

Pediatric telehealth offers numerous advantages for children and their families, making healthcare more accessible and efficient.

Convenience and accessibility

Telehealth provides the convenience of accessing healthcare services from home, eliminating the need for travel. This is particularly beneficial for families with busy schedules or those living in remote areas. It also reduces the time spent in waiting rooms, minimizing exposure to illnesses.

Access to specialists

Telehealth can bridge the gap between families and pediatric specialists, regardless of their geographic location. This is crucial for children requiring specialized care, such as pediatric oncology or neurology, where specialists may not be available in their area (Casey Family Programs, 2024).

Cost-effectiveness and time savings

By reducing travel expenses and time off work or school, telehealth can be more cost-effective for families. It also alleviates the burden of transportation, which can be a huge barrier for some families.

Common Pediatric Conditions Treated via Telehealth

Telehealth is effective for managing a variety of pediatric conditions, offering a practical solution for acute and chronic health issues. Some pediatric services are better for telehealth than others:

  • Virtual Visits: Best for mental health, behavioral and developmental concerns, headaches, and skin conditions.

  • In-Person Visits: Best for newborn and well-child checkups, immunizations, and asthma. Also important for illnesses that require a test or an exam for an official diagnosis. 

Let’s go over the ideal conditions for pediatric virtual visits.

Minor illnesses and injuries

A child with a scraped knee closeup

Telehealth can address common childhood ailments such as fevers, rashes, respiratory infections, and minor injuries like cuts and bruises. Virtual doctor visits allow healthcare providers to assess symptoms and recommend treatment without an in-person visit.

Mental health and behavioral issues

About 16.5% of people under age 18 have experienced at least one mental health condition, with depression, anxiety, and conduct problems being among the most prevalent. The rates of depression and anxiety among teens have shown an upward trend over time, amplified by the pandemic (Vanderwood et al., 2023). 

Telehealth has become an essential tool for delivering mental health services to children. It provides a platform for therapy sessions and behavioral assessments, which are crucial for managing conditions like anxiety and depression.

Collaborative care and telehealth

Collaborative care is when primary care doctors work closely with mental health experts to help patients. One study by JG Research & Evaluation and Concert Health looked at how well collaborative care delivered via telehealth works for treating depression and anxiety in teenagers. They found that over half of the teens in this study saw their symptoms improve.

More frequent check-ins with the teens led to better results, especially for those with anxiety. Researchers also noticed that older teens tended to do better with this treatment, possibly because they can engage more easily with phone-based (audio-only) care and learn coping skills better.

One notable finding was that Medicaid patients were less likely to see big improvements in their depression symptoms compared to those with private insurance. This suggests that Medicaid patients may need extra support.

Chronic disease management

Mother with sick child on couch and red laptop - pediatric telehealth

Children with chronic conditions like asthma, epilepsy, or diabetes can benefit from telehealth through regular monitoring and consultations. This ensures continuous care and timely adjustments to treatment plans.

Follow-up appointments and medication reviews

Telehealth simplifies follow-up care by allowing healthcare providers to review medications and treatment progress remotely. This is especially useful for children requiring ongoing medical supervision.

Challenges and Limitations of Pediatric Telehealth

Despite its benefits, pediatric telehealth faces several challenges that must be addressed to ensure that providers can implement it effectively.

Technology barriers and digital divide

Man at laptop with head in hands

Access to reliable internet and digital devices is essential for telehealth, but not all families have this available to them (Curfman et al., 2022). The digital divide can hinder the effectiveness of telehealth services, particularly in rural or low-income areas.

Difficulty performing physical examinations

Telehealth limits the ability to conduct thorough physical exams, which are sometimes necessary for accurate diagnosis. This is a big drawback for certain medical conditions (Tully et al., 2021).

Privacy and security concerns

Ensuring the privacy and security of patient data is crucial in telehealth. If you have concerns about the confidentiality of your health information when using digital platforms, check that your provider’s telehealth platform is HIPAA-compliant.

Insurance coverage and reimbursement complexities

Understanding insurance coverage for telehealth services can be difficult and complex, with varying policies on reimbursement. This can affect how affordable and accessible telehealth is for some families (Tully et al., 2021).

How to Prepare for a Pediatric Telehealth Visit

Families should get ready for their child’s telehealth appointment with the following steps.

A girl and her mom using red laptop

Setting up the tech

Ensure that the necessary technology, such as a computer or smartphone with a camera and microphone, is set up and functioning properly. Test the internet connection to avoid disruptions during the appointment.

Gather medical information

Prepare any relevant medical records, such as previous diagnoses, medication lists, and recent test results, to share with the healthcare provider during the consultation.

Create the ideal environment

Choose a quiet, private, and well-lit area for the telehealth visit to facilitate clear communication and minimize distractions.

Tips to keep children engaged

Engage children by explaining the purpose of the telehealth visit and involving them in the process. Having a favorite toy or book nearby can help keep them calm and focused during the appointment.

The Future of Telehealth in Pediatric Care

The future of pediatric telehealth looks promising, with advancements in technology and increased integration into healthcare systems.

Up-and-coming technologies

Innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), and advanced wearable devices are expected to enhance telehealth services, making them more interactive and effective.

Integration with school health services

School nurse treating a girl

Telehealth can be integrated into school health programs, providing students with access to medical care without leaving the school premises. This can improve health outcomes and reduce absenteeism (Curfman et al., 2022).

Potential for improving healthcare equity

Telehealth has the potential to improve healthcare equity by providing underserved populations with access to quality care. This is particularly important for children in rural or low-income areas.

Ongoing research and development

Continuous research and development in telehealth will likely lead to new applications and improvements in service delivery, ensuring that pediatric telehealth remains a vital component of children’s healthcare.

Conclusion

Pediatric telehealth is more than just a convenient option—it’s a powerful tool that’s expanding access to quality healthcare for children everywhere. While challenges remain, the benefits of virtual care for kids are clear: increased access to specialists, reduced healthcare costs, and improved convenience for families. 

For parents and healthcare providers alike, embracing digital solutions like telehealth can mean healthier, happier kids and more empowered families. 

The future of children’s healthcare is here, and it’s just a screen away.

References

AAP Research. (2023). AAP study shows telehealth use common in pediatric care. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Retrieved from https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/23772/AAP-study-shows-telehealth-use-common-in-pediatric

Hall, R. W., TELEHEALTH CARE, S. O., Dehnel, P. J., Alexander, J. J., Bell, D. M., Bunik, M., & Kile, J. R. (2015). Technical Report: Telemedicine: Pediatric Applications. Pediatrics; 136(1), e293. doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-1517

How can child protection agencies use telehealth to increase service access for children and families? (2024). Casey Family Programs. Retrieved from https://www.casey.org/telehealth-child-welfare/

LaMarco, N. (2024). What Conditions Can a Pediatrician Treat with Telehealth? Healthgrades. Retrieved from https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/childrens-health/10-childrens-conditions-that-can-be-treated-in-a-telehealth-visit

Minimizing Telehealth Technology Barriers in Rural and Underserved Communities. (n.d.). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Retrieved from https://www.aap.org/en/practice-management/care-delivery-approaches/telehealth/minimizing-telehealth-technology-barriers-in-rural-and-underserved-communities/

Telehealth: Opportunities to Improve Access, Quality, and Cost in Pediatric Care. (2022). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Retrieved from  https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/149/3/e2021056035/184902/Telehealth-Opportunities-to-Improve-Access-Quality

Telehealth appointment or in-person primary care? How to choose the best option for you. (n.d.). HealthPartners. Retrieved from https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/when-to-use-telemedicine

Telehealth Virtual Care Services Bring Future of Health Care to Every Child Pediatrics. (n.d.). Every Child Pediatrics. Retrieved from https://everychildpediatrics.org/telehealth-virtual-care-services-bring-future-of-health-care-to-every-child-pediatrics/

Survey Finds Majority of Parents Willing to Engage in Telehealth Post-COVID. (2021). Nemours Children’s Health. Retrieved from https://nemours.mediaroom.com/2021-07-28-Survey-Finds-Majority-of-Parents-Willing-to-Engage-in-Telehealth-Post-COVID

Tully, L., Case, L., Arthurs, N., Sorensen, J., & Marcin, J. P. (2021). Barriers and Facilitators for Implementing Pediatric Telemedicine: Rapid Review of User Perspectives. Frontiers in Pediatrics; 9. doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.630365

Vanderwood, K., Joyner, J., & Little, V. (2023). The effectiveness of collaborative care delivered via telehealth in a pediatric primary care population. Frontiers in Psychiatry; 14, 1240902. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1240902

Telehealth vs. In-Person Visits: Pros and Cons

Telehealth vs. In-Person Visits: Pros and Cons

by Ree Health Tech

Telehealth is a viable alternative to traditional in-person care, sparking an ongoing debate about each of their relative merits. This may leave people wondering about the differences between telehealth vs. in-person visits.

In this article, we’ll explore the pros and cons of telehealth and in-person care so you make informed decisions about your healthcare needs, and determine which option is right for you.

Contents

 

What is Telehealth?

Telehealth, also known as telemedicine, involves the use of digital tools to provide healthcare services remotely. A few examples:

  • Sending and receiving direct messages from your healthcare provider via a patient portal.

  • Email or text reminders about prescriptions.

  • Remote monitoring of your blood sugar, heart rate, sleep patterns, etc.

More background on what telehealth is and its benefits.

Telehealth can be synchronous, where the patient and provider interact in real-time, or asynchronous, where information is shared and reviewed at different times. Types of telehealth services include:

  • Synchronous Telehealth: Real-time interactions via video calls or phone calls.

  • Asynchronous Telehealth: Store-and-forward technology where data, images, or messages are sent and reviewed later.

  • Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM): Continuous monitoring of patients‘ health data using devices that send information to healthcare providers.

Advantages of Telehealth

Telehealth offers several advantages, especially in today’s fast-paced world. An AMA study found that medical practitioners who use telehealth the most were radiologists (39.5%), psychiatrists (27.8%), and cardiologists (24.1%). 

Convenience and accessibility

One of the most attractive things about telehealth is its convenience:

  • No Travel Required: You can have a consultation from the comfort of your home, office, or even while on vacation.

  • Flexible Scheduling: Appointments can be scheduled outside of traditional office hours, making it easier for those with busy schedules.

Cost-effectiveness

With insurance

Telehealth can be less expensive than in-person visits due to lower overhead costs for providers and no travel expenses for patients. 

Many insurance plans cover telehealth services, making it a more affordable option. 

If you are planning a telehealth appointment, ask your health plan if telehealth is covered and the copay or coinsurance amount. Your telehealth appointment may be through your in-network provider or a telehealth company your insurer contracts with.

Without insurance

If you don’t have health insurance, you can contact a telehealth company like AmWell, Teladoc, Doctor On Demand, or MD Live for a medical consultation and get a quote.

More access to specialists

  • Specialist Referrals: Telehealth makes it easier to get specialist consultations, especially for those living in rural or underserved areas (Gajarawala & Pelkowski, 2021).

  • Integrated Care: Health providers can seamlessly integrate telehealth into their healthcare systems, improving overall care coordination.

Mental health services

Telehealth has made mental health services more accessible, giving people access to counseling and therapy without the stigma of visiting a clinic (Harris, 2022).

Limitations of Telehealth

Lock octagon illustration

Despite its many benefits, telehealth also has its drawbacks. Here are some of the biggest limitations.

Technology barriers and connectivity issues

Lack of physical exams

  • Inability to Perform Comprehensive Exams: Some conditions require a physical examination that a health provider can’t do as well via telehealth (Saljoughian, 2021).

  • Potential for Misdiagnosis: Without the ability to perform a hands-on examination, there is a higher risk of misdiagnosis (Gajarawala & Pelkowski, 2021). For example, The Doctors Company said that nearly 70% of their telehealth-related claims have alleged diagnostic errors.

Privacy and security concerns

  • Data Security: While most telehealth platforms are encrypted, there is always a risk of data breaches or hacking (HHS, 2023).

  • Confidentiality: Ensuring privacy during a telehealth session can be challenging, especially if the patient is in a shared or public space (Houser et al., 2023).

When to Choose Telehealth

Elderly woman on Zoom with health provider

Telehealth is not suitable for every situation, but it excels in several areas.

Routine check-ups and consultations

  • Primary Care: Regular check-ups and follow-up appointments can be easily managed through telehealth.

  • Preventive Care: Screenings and preventive measures can often be discussed and managed remotely.

Mental health services

Telehealth provides a convenient and private way to receive mental health support like counseling and therapy.

Chronic disease management

People with chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension can manage them through regular telehealth consultations and RPM (Harris, 2022).

Minor acute conditions

Health providers can diagnose and treat conditions like colds, minor infections, and rashes via telehealth.

What is In-Person Care?

In-person care is the traditional model of healthcare where patients visit a clinic, hospital, or specialty center to receive medical attention. This type of care is essential for many medical conditions and treatments. In-person healthcare settings include:

  • Clinics: Primary care and specialized clinics offer a wide range of services.

  • Hospitals: For emergency care, surgeries, and complex treatments.

  • Specialty Centers: Focused on specific areas like cardiology, oncology, or orthopedics.

Advantages of In-Person Care

Doctor shows patient Rx

In-person care remains crucial for many reasons. In the same AMA study medical practitioners who use telehealth the least (in favor of in-person care) were obstetrician-gynecologists (9.3%), gastroenterologists (7.9%), and allergists/immunologists (6.1%). 

In-person care offers several unique benefits that are worth considering, as follows.

Comprehensive physical exams

  • Hands-On Assessment: Allows for thorough physical examinations, which are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment (Saljoughian, 2021).

  • Immediate Diagnostic Tests: Access to lab tests, imaging, and other diagnostic procedures during the visit.

Face-to-face interaction and rapport 

  • Personal Connection: Face-to-face interactions help build trust and rapport between patients and healthcare providers.

  • Non-Verbal Cues: Providers can pick up on non-verbal cues that are easy to miss in virtual consultations.

Complex treatments and surgeries

  • Surgical Procedures: In-person care is necessary for any surgical intervention or complex medical procedures.

  • Emergency Care: Immediate, hands-on care is essential in emergencies.

Drawbacks of In-Person Care

While in-person care has its strengths, it also comes with several disadvantages.

People in waiting room wearing face masks

Longer wait times and scheduling difficulties

  • Appointment Delays: Patients often face long wait times for appointments and in waiting rooms.

  • Scheduling Conflicts: Finding a convenient time for both the patient and provider can be challenging.

Travel requirements and associated costs

Traveling to and from healthcare facilities can be time-consuming and costly, especially for those in rural areas (Harris, 2022).

Exposure to other patients and potential infections

Visiting a healthcare facility increases the risk of exposure to other illnesses, including infectious diseases (Saljoughian, 2021).

Time away from work or family obligations

In-person visits often require taking time off work or away from family responsibilities, resulting in lost productivity.

When to Opt for In-Person Care

Empty white hospital hallway

In-person care is indispensable in some situations, as follows.

Emergencies

Conditions like heart attacks, strokes, and severe injuries require immediate, hands-on medical attention.

Chronic or complex medical conditions

Conditions that require specialized treatment plans and hands-on management benefit from in-person care.

Diagnostic procedures and lab tests

You must complete certain tests and procedures, like blood work and imaging, in a healthcare facility for the most accurate diagnosis.

Hands-on treatments and therapies

Rehabilitation and physical therapy usually require direct interaction with healthcare providers.

Telehealth and in-person care each have their merits. Now, let’s explore how these two approaches can be combined.

Integrating Telehealth and In-Person Care

The future of healthcare likely lies in a hybrid model that combines the strengths of both telehealth and in-person care.

Woman getting a shot in her arm

Hybrid models of care

A blended approach that combines telehealth for routine check-ups and follow-ups with in-person visits can better address more complex needs.

Coordinating care between virtual and physical settings

Ensuring that patient information and care plans are consistent across both telehealth and in-person settings.

Using telehealth for follow-ups after in-person visits

Follow-up appointments can often be conducted via telehealth, saving time and resources.

To sum up the differences in a handy-dandy chart, look at this one from Mira.

Comparison chart - In person vs virtual care chart
Source: Mira (talktomira.com)

Virtual and in-person visits each have unique advantages and limitations. Telehealth offers convenience, cost savings, and improved access to care, especially for routine consultations and mental health services. However, it falls short in situations that require hands-on examinations and immediate medical interventions. 

In-person care remains essential for physical exams, complex treatments, and emergencies, but comes with the drawbacks of longer wait times, travel, and potential exposure to infections.

The best choice between telehealth and in-person care isn’t always black and white. It often depends on your specific health needs, preferences, and circumstances. When you understand the pros and cons of each approach, you can make more informed decisions about your healthcare.  

As technology continues to advance, the integration of telehealth and in-person care will likely become more innovative, sophisticated, and widespread. Remember, the goal is to find the right balance that ensures you receive the best possible care, whether it’s through a screen or in a doctor’s office.

References

Bean, K. (2023). In-Person Vs. Virtual Care: What’s The Difference & Which Is Best. Mira. Retrieved from https://www.talktomira.com/post/telehealth-vs-in-person-care-pros-and-cons

Feldman, D. L. (n.d.). Top Seven Tips for Telehealth. The Doctors Company. Retrieved from https://www.thedoctors.com/articles/top-seven-tips-for-telehealth/

Gajarawala, S. N., & Pelkowski, J. N. (2021). Telehealth Benefits and Barriers. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 17(2), 218-221. doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.09.013

Harris, A. (2022). Differences between telehealth vs. in-person care. Everlywell. Retrieved from  https://www.everlywell.com/blog/virtual-care/telehealth-vs-in-person-care/

Henderson, E. (2020). Telemedicine or in-person visit? Pros and cons. News Medical. Retrieved from https://www.news-medical.net/news/20201027/Telemedicine-or-in-person-visit-Pros-and-cons.aspx

Houser, S. H., Flite, C. A., & Foster, S. L. (2023). Privacy and Security Risk Factors Related to Telehealth Services – A Systematic Review. Perspectives in Health Information Management; 20(1). 

Robeznieks, A. (2019). Which medical specialties use telemedicine the most? American Medical Association (AMA). Retrieved from https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/digital/which-medical-specialties-use-telemedicine-most

Saljoughian, M. (2021). The Benefits and Limitations of Telehealth. U.S. Pharmacist. Retrieved from https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/the-benefits-and-limitations-of-telehealth

Telehealth Privacy and Security Tips for Patients. (2023). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Retrieved from  https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/guidance/telehealth-privacy-security/index.html