What Patients and Caregivers Need to Know About Hospital at Home vs. Traditional Hospital

What Patients and Caregivers Need to Know About Hospital at Home vs. Traditional Hospital

by Ree Caregiving Health Tech Med Tech

Hospital-at-home programs have expanded rapidly across the U.S., but most patients have no idea this option exists when facing admission.

When my husband George was cycling through hospital stays every month for his end-stage renal disease and cancer in 2018, nobody told us there might be another way. We assumed the hospital was our only option. Month after month, we dealt with the ER waits, the uncomfortable chairs, the sleepless nights, and the parade of specialists who never seemed to talk to each other.

Things have changed since then. Hospital-at-home care has gone from experimental to mainstream. Medicare now covers it permanently. Your insurance probably covers it too.

But you have to know to ask for it.

Let’s break down everything you need to know about hospital-at-home versus traditional hospitalization, including:

  • a comparison of clinical outcomes
  • the hidden costs nobody talks about
  • how to decide which option makes sense for your situation

Contents

What Is Hospital at Home Care?

Hospital-at-home means exactly what it sounds like: you receive acute-level medical care in your own home instead of in a hospital facility. This isn’t the same as regular home healthcare or skilled nursing. We’re talking about the same intensity of care you’d get if you were admitted to a hospital bed.

What conditions qualify for hospital-at-home care?

You can receive hospital-at-home care for conditions like pneumonia, COPD flare-ups, heart failure, serious infections, and certain post-surgical recoveries. A 2023 study in the Annals of Internal Medicine found that hospital-at-home programs safely treated patients with cellulitis, urinary tract infections, and heart failure exacerbations.

The key word here is “acute.” You need to be sick enough to require hospitalization, but stable enough to be safely monitored at home.

What does hospital-level care actually include?

Nurse helps someone with a cane

Your care team visits you at home daily, and sometimes twice a day. This includes physicians, nurses, physical therapists, and care coordinators. You’ll get IV medications if you need them. You’ll wear devices that monitor your vital signs and send data to your medical team in real-time. It’s like having a hospital room set up in your living room, but without the hospital smell and terrible food.

When George was using his Dexcom continuous glucose monitor, I got alerts on my phone whenever his blood sugar spiked or dropped dangerously low. That technology exists for heart rate, oxygen levels, blood pressure, and more. Your care team watches these numbers from their computers and can intervene before small problems become emergencies.

Who provides the care?

A dedicated hospital-at-home team manages your case. You’ll have a primary physician who oversees your treatment plan. Nurses visit to check on you, administer medications, and assess your condition. The big difference from traditional home health? These visits happen daily, and you have 24/7 access to your care team by phone or video.

The shift from experimental to mainstream happened fast. Before COVID-19, only a handful of health systems offered hospital-at-home programs. The pandemic forced rapid expansion, and in 2025, the Hospital Inpatient Services Modernization Act extended the CMS waiver to continue providing hospital-at-home care.

How Traditional Hospital Care Works

ER and urgent care entrance

When you’re admitted to a traditional hospital, you check in through the emergency department or for a scheduled admission. A nurse takes your vitals, you change into a hospital gown, and you’re assigned to a room (if one’s available—sometimes you wait for hours).

The hospital routine

Nurses check your vitals every few hours, day and night. Yes, even at 3 a.m. Doctors round in the morning, usually between 7 and 10 AM. If you’re asleep when they come by, too bad. Meals arrive on a fixed schedule whether you’re hungry or not.

With George’s 10 different specialists, we never knew who would walk through the door or when. His nephrologist didn’t talk to his oncologist. His endocrinologist had no idea what his cardiologist prescribed. I became the central hub of information, keeping my own spreadsheet because the hospital’s electronic records didn’t seem to connect the dots.

Family involvement and visiting limitations

Even before COVID-19 restrictions, hospitals limited visiting hours. During the pandemic, many hospitals banned visitors entirely. In 2025, most facilities still have restrictions like limited hours, limited number of visitors, no children under 12.

If you want to be there when doctors round to ask questions, you’d better arrive early and stay all day.

Need to go home to shower or check on your kids? You might miss critical conversations about your loved one’s treatment plan.

The discharge process often feels rushed. A nurse reviews a stack of papers, hands you prescriptions, and sends you on your way. Studies show 20% of patients don’t understand their discharge instructions.

Clinical Outcomes: Which Delivers Better Results?

Does hospital-at-home actually work as well as traditional hospitalization?

Yes—and sometimes better.

Patient satisfaction scores

A 2024 meta-analysis in JAMA Network Open reviewed 25 studies comparing hospital-at-home care to traditional care. Patient satisfaction scores were consistently higher for hospital-at-home, with 87% of patients rating their experience as “excellent” compared to 62% for traditional hospitalization.

That’s not surprising. People sleep better when they’re in their own beds. They get to eat their own food, and see their family members whenever they want.

The medical care is just as good, but the experience is dramatically better.

Hospital readmission rates

Getting sent back to the hospital within 30 days of discharge is a sign something went wrong.

For traditional hospitalizations, the 30-day readmission rate hovers around 15% to 20% depending on the condition. Hospital-at-home programs report readmission rates of 8% to 12%.

That’s because closer monitoring catches problems earlier. Patients understand their care plan better because they’re not overwhelmed and sleep-deprived. The transition from acute care to regular life is smoother when you’re already home.

Infection risk and recovery time

Hospital-acquired infections affect 1 in 31 hospital patients on any given day, according to the CDC. At home, you’re not exposed to antibiotic-resistant bacteria floating around hospital wards. You’re not sharing air with other sick people.

Recovery happens faster when you’re comfortable and less stressed. A 2023 study found that elderly patients receiving hospital-at-home care regained their ability to perform daily activities 40% faster than those in traditional hospitals.

The mortality rates? Comparable. For appropriate patients, hospital-at-home is just as safe as traditional hospital care.

The Hidden Costs Nobody Tells You About

The hospital bill is just the beginning. Let’s talk about what you’ll actually pay and what costs don’t show up on an invoice.

Out-of-pocket expenses for traditional hospitalization

Even with good insurance, a three-day hospital stay can cost you $1,500 to $3,000 in co-pays and deductibles. That’s the baseline. Then come the surprise charges.

Facility fees can add hundreds of dollars:

And let’s not forget parking. $15 per day adds up when you’re visiting daily for weeks. Hospital cafeteria meals for family members is $10 to $15 each.

These “small” costs can easily hit $500 to $1,000 for a typical hospital stay.

Out-of-pocket expenses for hospital at home

Medicare card and Rx closeup

Medicare covers hospital-at-home the same way it covers traditional hospitalization. You pay the standard hospital deductible and any applicable co-pays. Most private insurers follow Medicare’s lead, but coverage varies.

The surprise? Hospital-at-home often costs you less out-of-pocket because there’s no:

  • parking fees
  • expensive hospital cafeteria meals
  • co-pays for separate facility charges

A 2021 analysis found that patients in hospital-at-home programs saved an average of $2,400 in out-of-pocket costs compared to traditional hospitalization.

You might need to buy a few things—maybe a shower chair or grab bars if you don’t have them. But the program provides equipment like IV poles and monitoring devices.

The invisible costs for caregivers

The economic impact on caregivers is often overlooked. I burned through my vacation days and sick leave taking George to appointments and managing his care, even while working remotely. Many caregivers do the same.

The financial burden is more than just lost wages. A 2023 AARP study found that family caregivers spend an average of $7,200 per year of their own money on caregiving expenses (like medications, medical supplies, home modifications, transportation).

The emotional toll is impossible to measure, but very real. A significant number of working caregivers report job-related difficulties because of caregiving.

What the Caregiver Experience Actually Looks Like

Both hospital settings require serious caregiver involvement, just in different ways.

Caregiving during traditional hospitalization

You become an advocate and information manager. When doctors round at 8 a.m. and you can’t be there because you have a job, you miss critical conversations. So you take time off. You show up early. You stay late.

I kept notes from every specialist visit, cross-referenced medications, and flagged contradictions. The nutritionist told George to eat high-protein foods for his kidney disease. The renal dietitian told him to eat low-protein foods for his kidney disease. Guess who had to figure that out?

You’re also managing communication with the rest of the family. Who’s visiting when? Who needs updates? Coordinating schedules becomes a part-time job.

Caregiving with hospital at home

At home, you’re more hands-on with daily care:

  • You help your loved one to the bathroom.
  • You make sure they eat.
  • You learn to manage medications (when to give them, and spot side effects)

The medical team trains you. They don’t just hand you a list of tasks and disappear. They show you how to help with care, what to watch for, and when to call for help.

When I was managing George’s peritoneal dialysis at home, his nephrologist’s team trained me thoroughly. I set up the machine every night, monitored the process, troubleshot issues.

It was a big responsibility, but I wasn’t alone. I had 24/7 access to the dialysis team by phone.

The benefits of hospital-at-home care:

  • You have more control over the environment
  • You can maintain some routine
  • You sleep in your own bed

The stress of feeling “on call” is real, but many caregivers prefer it to feeling helpless in a hospital where they can’t be present all the time.

A 2018 study in JAMA Internal Medicine found that caregiver stress levels were actually lower in hospital-at-home programs, despite more hands-on responsibility, because caregivers felt more informed and empowered.

How to Know if Hospital at Home is Right for Your Situation

Hospital-at-home isn’t for everyone. Here’s how to figure out if it makes sense for you.

Medical eligibility criteria

Senior woman with leg pain in chair

Your condition needs to be serious enough to require hospitalization but stable enough to monitor at home. This includes conditions like:

  • Pneumonia (non-ICU level)
  • Heart failure exacerbations
  • COPD flare-ups
  • Cellulitis and other serious infections
  • Certain post-surgical recoveries

You don’t qualify if you need ICU-level care, constant monitoring, or procedures that can only be done in a hospital. You also need to live within 30 minutes of the hospital in case you need emergency transfer.

Home environment assessment

Man with sarcopenia and a cane

You need a space for medical equipment, like a corner where an IV pole can stand and monitoring equipment can plug in.

If you’re taking advantage of telehealth, you’ll also need reliable internet for video visits and data transmission and a phone.

Safety matters too. Can you get to the bathroom safely? Are there trip hazards that could cause falls? A nurse will assess your home before admission to make sure it’s appropriate.

Insurance coverage check

Call your insurance company and ask these specific questions:

  • “Do you cover hospital-at-home programs?“
  • “What’s my co-pay compared to traditional hospitalization?”
  • “Do I need pre-authorization?”
  • “Which hospitals in my area participate in your hospital-at-home network?”

Get the answers in writing. Insurance representatives make mistakes, and you don’t want surprises later.

Family readiness factors

Someone needs to be home or nearby. Not necessarily 24/7, but available. The medical team handles the clinical care, but you need a person there to help with activities of daily living and to be present during visits.

Consider your other responsibilities:

  • Do you have young kids?
  • Other family members who need care?
  • A job with no flexibility?

Be honest about your capacity. There’s no shame in saying traditional hospitalization is the better fit for your situation.

How to Access Hospital-at-Home Programs

Most doctors won’t automatically offer this option. You have to ask for it.

When your doctor says you need to be admitted, ask: “Am I eligible for a hospital-at-home program?” If they say they don’t know or haven’t heard of it, ask them to check. Many physicians are still learning about these programs.

Call your insurance company before admission if possible. Verify coverage and get any necessary pre-authorizations. Some programs accept patients directly from the emergency department, which can save you hours in the ER waiting room.

To find hospitals offering hospital-at-home in your area, check the Medicare website’s Hospital Compare tool or call hospitals directly and ask if they participate in hospital-at-home programs.

Questions to Ask Before You Decide

Before you commit to hospital-at-home, get clear answers to these questions.

For your medical team:

  • “Am I medically stable enough for hospital-at-home?”
  • “What happens if my condition gets worse at night or on weekends?”
  • “How quickly can I be transferred to the hospital if needed?”

For the program coordinator:

  • “How many times per day will someone visit me?”
  • “Will I see the same nurses and doctors, or will it change?”
  • “What equipment will be in my home, and who maintains it?”

For your insurance:

  • “What will my total out-of-pocket cost be?”
  • “How many days of hospital-at-home care are covered?”
  • “Is there a limit to how many times I can use this benefit?”

For your family:

  • “What will I be responsible for as a caregiver?”
  • “What training will I receive?”
  • “Who can I call when I’m overwhelmed or unsure?”

Get these answers before you decide. Understanding what you’re signing up for prevents surprises and helps you plan.

Making the Right Choice for Your Family

Hospital-at-home delivers the same quality of clinical care as traditional hospitalization—sometimes better.

But the right choice depends on your medical situation, your home environment, your insurance coverage, and your family’s capacity to help with care.

If George had the option for hospital-at-home care during his treatment, would it have changed the outcome? Probably not. His conditions were too complex and unstable.

But it would have changed our experience. Fewer nights in uncomfortable hospital chairs. More time in our own home. Better sleep for both of us. For the right patient and the right family, those differences matter tremendously.

Know that you have options. Ask questions and advocate for yourself. Don’t assume the hospital is the only place to receive acute care, because it’s not.

If you’re facing hospitalization decisions for yourself or a loved one, share this information with your family. Ask your doctor about hospital-at-home before admission. You might be surprised by what’s possible.

References

Bruce, G. (2025). House passes 5-year hospital-at-home extension. Becker’s Health IT. Retrieved from https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/digital-health/house-passes-5-year-hospital-at-home-extension/

Cryer, L., Shannon, S. B., Van Amsterdam, M., & Leff, B. (2023). Costs for Hospital at Home Patients Were 19 Percent Lower, With Equal or Better Outcomes Compared to Similar Inpatients. Health Affairs, 42(6), 861-868. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22665835/

Dhaliwal, J.S., & Dang, A.K. (2024). Reducing Hospital Readmissions. StatPearls. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK606114/

Edgar, K., Iliffe, S., Doll, H. A., Clarke, M.J., Gonçalves-Bradley, D.C., Wong E., & Shepperd, S. (2024). Admission avoidance hospital at home. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Mar 5;3(3):CD007491. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007491.pub3. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38438116/

Federman, A. D., Soones, T., DeCherrie, L. V., Leff, B., & Siu, A. L. (2018). Association of a Bundled Hospital-at-Home and 30-Day Postacute Transitional Care Program With Clinical Outcomes and Patient Experiences. JAMA Internal Medicine. Aug 1;178(8):1033-1040. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.2562. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29946693/

HAI and Antimicrobial Use Prevalence Surveys. (2024). Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/php/haic-eip/antibiotic-use.html

Horwitz, L. I., Moriarty, J. P., Chen, C., et al. (2020). Quality of discharge practices and patient understanding at an academic medical center. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180(8), 1125-1131. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23958851/

Levine, D. M., Ouchi, K., Blanchfield, B., et al. (2023). Hospital-Level Care at Home for Acutely Ill Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 176(11), 1455-1466. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31842232/

Pollitz, K., Lopes, L., Kearney, A., Rae, M., Cox, C., Fehr, R., & Rousseau, D. (2019). An Examination of Surprise Medical Bills and Proposals to Protect Consumers from Them. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/health-costs/an-examination-of-surprise-medical-bills-and-proposals-to-protect-consumers-from-them/

Reinhard, S. C., Caldera, S., Houser, A., & Choula, R. B. (2023). Valuing the Invaluable 2023 Update: Strengthening Supports for Family Caregivers. AARP. Retrieved from https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/ppi/2023/3/valuing-the-invaluable-2023-update.doi.10.26419-2Fppi.00082.006.pdf

Family Leave (FMLA) for Caregivers: Your Rights and Benefits

Family Leave (FMLA) for Caregivers: Your Rights and Benefits

by Ree Caregiving

According to the U.S. Department of Labor, over 15 million Americans provide unpaid care for elderly relatives, yet many aren’t aware of their rights under the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA). For family caregivers juggling work and caregiving responsibilities, FMLA provides crucial job protection and benefits. 

This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about FMLA as a family caregiver.

Contents

FMLA Basics

FMLA and its specific provisions for family caregivers

FMLA is a federal law that allows eligible employees to take unpaid, job-protected leave for specific family and medical reasons. For caregivers, FMLA provides the opportunity to take time off work to care for a family member with a serious health condition without risking job loss.

The 12-week unpaid leave benefit

Under FMLA, eligible employees can take up to 12 work weeks of unpaid leave during a 12-month period. This leave can be used all at once or intermittently, depending on your caregiving needs and your employer’s policies.

Covered family members under FMLA regulations

FMLA only allows you to take leave to care for specific relatives:

  • Your spouse
  • Your children (under 18 or adult children unable to care for themselves due to a disability)
  • Your parents

Be sure to review the definitions for each relative according to your state, and note that FMLA does not cover care for in-laws, grandparents, or siblings unless you are their legal guardian.

Different leave options

FMLA offers flexibility in how you take your leave:

  • Continuous leave: Taking all 12 weeks at once
  • Intermittent leave: Taking leave in separate blocks of time for a single qualifying reason
  • Reduced schedule: Temporarily reducing your work hours

For example, if you’re caring for a parent with cancer, you might take intermittent leave for their chemotherapy appointments instead of taking all 12 weeks at once.

Determining Your FMLA Eligibility

Health aide hanging up clothes in elderly woman's closet

Eligibility requirements for employees 

To be eligible for FMLA, you must meet the following criteria:

Employer coverage criteria

FMLA applies to:

  • Private-sector employers with 50 or more employees
  • Public agencies, including local, state, and federal employers
  • Public and private elementary and secondary schools

Qualifying medical conditions for family members

FMLA covers care for a family member with a “serious health condition.” This includes:

  • Conditions requiring an overnight stay in a hospital or other medical care facility
  • Chronic conditions that require treatment at least twice a year
  • Pregnancy (including prenatal medical appointments, incapacity due to morning sickness, and medically required bed rest)
  • Treatment for substance abuse by a health care provider or on referral by a health care provider

State-specific FMLA variations and additional protections

While FMLA is a federal law, some states have their own family leave laws that may provide additional benefits. For example:

  • California offers up to 8 weeks of paid family leave
  • New Jersey provides up to 12 weeks of paid family leave
  • Rhode Island allows for up to 5 weeks of paid family leave

Always check your state’s specific laws, which may offer more comprehensive coverage than federal FMLA.

Requesting FMLA Leave

Required documentation and medical certifications

To request FMLA leave, you’ll need to provide:

  1. Notice of your intent to take FMLA leave
  2. Medical certification from a healthcare provider

You can get FMLA forms from the Department of Labor or your employer’s HR department. Some companies require both.

The medical certification should include:

  • Contact information for the healthcare provider
  • The date the serious health condition began
  • The probable duration of the condition
  • Relevant medical facts about the condition
  • A statement that you are needed to care for the family member

Proper notification procedures and timelines

When requesting FMLA leave:

  • Provide 30 days’ notice for foreseeable leave (such as planned surgeries)
  • For unforeseeable leave, notify your employer as soon as practicable (usually within 1 to 2 business days)
  • Follow your employer’s usual procedures for calling in absences, unless you’re unable to do so due to the circumstances

How to communicate with HR departments

When approaching your HR department:

  • Schedule a meeting to discuss your need for FMLA leave
  • Bring any relevant documentation to support your request
  • Ask about your company’s specific FMLA policies and procedures
  • Discuss how your work responsibilities will be handled during your absence

Keep accurate records

Having complete documentation is important to protect yourself. Be sure to keep detailed records of:

  • All communications with your employer regarding FMLA
  • Copies of all forms and medical certifications submitted
  • Dates and times of FMLA leave taken
  • Any related medical appointments or treatments

These records can be crucial if any disputes arise regarding your FMLA leave.

Managing Your Rights and Responsibilities

Job protection guarantees during leave

Under FMLA, your employer must:

Maintain health benefits while on leave

During FMLA leave:

  • Your employer must maintain your health coverage
  • You must continue to pay your portion of the premium if you normally do so
  • If you don’t return to work after FMLA leave, your employer may require you to reimburse them for their share of health insurance premiums paid during your leave

Return-to-work rights and procedures

When you’re ready to return to work from FMLA leave:

Workplace discrimination or retaliation

It’s important to understand your rights as an employee.

It’s illegal for your employer to:

  • Interfere with your FMLA rights
  • Discriminate or retaliate against you for using FMLA leave

If you believe your FMLA rights have been violated:

  • Document the incidents in detail
  • Report the issue to your HR department or supervisor
  • File a complaint with the U.S. Department of Labor’s Wage and Hour Division
  • Consider consulting with an employment lawyer

Practical Tips for Working Caregivers

You can choose to be a part-time caregiver and employee. Here are some considerations.

Balance your work and caregiving duties

To maintain a healthy work-life balance:

  • Communicate openly with your employer about your caregiving responsibilities
  • Consider flexible work arrangements (such as remote work, flexible hours)
  • Use technology to stay connected and manage caregiving tasks remotely
  • Set boundaries to protect your personal time and prevent burnout

Create a caregiving schedule with FMLA leave

When planning your FMLA leave, it’s helpful to draw out a schedule and routine for your time.

Be sure to:

  • Assess your loved one’s care needs and your work responsibilities
  • Consider using intermittent leave to spread out your 12 weeks over a longer period
  • Create a calendar that outlines your work schedule and caregiving duties
  • Be prepared to adjust your schedule as care needs change

Coordinate with other family members

To share caregiving responsibilities:

  • Hold a family meeting to discuss care needs and divide tasks
  • Create a shared calendar to coordinate appointments and care shifts
  • Use caregiving apps to manage medications, share updates, and track expenses
  • Consider professional respite care services to give family caregivers a break

Financial planning during unpaid leave

young couple budgeting

To manage finances during FMLA leave:

Taking advantage of FMLA benefits can make a significant difference in your ability to care for family members while protecting your career. By knowing your rights and following proper procedures, you can confidently use this federal protection to support your caregiving journey. Remember to maintain open communication with your employer and keep detailed records throughout the process. For specific guidance about your situation, consult with your HR department or an employment law professional.

References

Employee’s Guide to the Family and Medical Leave Act. (2023). U.S. Department of Labor. Retrieved from https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fmla/employee-guide

Fact Sheet #28: The Family and Medical Leave Act.  (2023). U.S. Department of Labor. Retrieved from https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fact-sheets/28-fmla

Family and Medical Leave Act. (2023).  U.S. Department of Labor. Retrieved from https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fmla

FMLA and Family Caregiving: What You Need To Know. (n.d.). Right at Home In Home Care & Assistance. Retrieved from https://www.rightathome.net/blog/fmla-and-family-caregiving

How Do You Sign Up for FMLA? A Step-by-Step Guide. (2024). Upcounsel. Retrieved from https://www.upcounsel.com/how-to-apply-for-fmla

Painter, K. (2024). How Caregivers Can Use FMLA to Care for a Family Member. AARP. Retrieved from https://www.aarp.org/caregiving/financial-legal/info-2019/workers-family-medical-leave-act.html

Simple Definition of Family Medical Leave Act. (2024). ScoliNATION. Retrieved from https://scolination.com/blogs/home-care/simple-definition-of-family-medical-leave-act

State Family and Medical Leave Laws. (2024). National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved from https://www.ncsl.org/labor-and-employment/state-family-and-medical-leave-laws

Telehealth Mental Health Therapy: A Comprehensive Guide

Telehealth Mental Health Therapy: A Comprehensive Guide

by Ree AI Health Tech Med Tech

Telehealth mental health therapy has become increasingly popular, offering a convenient and accessible way for people to receive mental health support. This article will explore the world of online therapy, its benefits, challenges, and best practices for both providers and patients.

Contents

What is Telehealth Mental Health Therapy?

Telehealth mental health therapy (also known as telemental health, teletherapy, telepsychiatry, or online therapy) is the delivery of mental health services through digital platforms. It allows patients to connect with licensed mental health professionals remotely using video conferencing, phone calls, or text-based communication.

Definition and key components of telehealth mental health therapy

Woman in green sweater talking to doctor on Zoom

Telehealth therapy encompasses a wide range of mental health services provided through technology. The key components include:

  • Video conferencing sessions

  • Phone therapy sessions

  • Text-based therapy

  • Online mental health assessments

  • Digital tools and resources for mental health management

Types of mental health services offered via telehealth

Telehealth platforms offer various mental health services, including:

  • Individual therapy

  • Couples counseling

  • Group therapy

  • Psychiatry and medication management

  • Crisis intervention

85% of mental health providers offered telehealth services during the COVID-19 pandemic, with many saying they’d continue offering them services in the future (Pierce et al., 2021).

In an AAP study, 85% of pediatricians said they use telehealth for mental health visits, and over 80% of them said telehealth was very or moderately effective for mental health visits.

Platforms and technologies used for online therapy sessions

Several platforms and technologies are used to facilitate online therapy sessions:

  • HIPAA-compliant video conferencing software (Zoom for Healthcare, Doxy.me)

  • Secure messaging platforms

  • Mobile apps for mental health support

  • Virtual reality (VR) platforms for exposure therapy

For examples of how some organizations have successfully used telehealth in treatment programs for people experiencing homelessness, substance abuse disorders and mental disorders, review Chapter 4, “Examples of Telehealth Implementation in Treatment Programs from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). 

Benefits of Online Mental Health Support

Telehealth mental health therapy offers numerous advantages over traditional in-person therapy.

Improved accessibility for rural and underserved populations

Telehealth therapy greatly improves access to mental health care for people in remote or underserved areas.

A 2024 study noted that many health providers had reduced no-show rates for behavioral health, and increased patient adherence to recommended behavioral health visits. One reason why is the potential for telehealth to mitigate anxieties that can surround in-person visits (Azar et al., 2024).

Lin et al (2018) found that health centers located in rural areas were more likely to use telehealth for mental health care, compared to those in urban areas.

A 2019 study found that telehealth significantly improved access to mental health care for rural populations, with a 45% increase in utilization of mental health services (Barnett et al., 2019).

Flexibility in scheduling and location

Online therapy allows for greater flexibility in scheduling appointments and choosing a comfortable location for sessions, which is beneficial for:

  • People with busy work schedules

  • Parents with childcare responsibilities

  • Individuals with mobility issues or disabilities

Less stigma 

Telehealth therapy can help reduce the stigma associated with seeking mental health support. Allowing patients to receive care from the privacy of their own homes removes the potential embarrassment of being seen entering a therapist’s office.

Cost-effectiveness compared to traditional therapy

Online therapy can be more cost-effective than traditional in-person therapy. A 2020 study found that telehealth mental health services were about 53% less expensive than in-person services (Lattie et al., 2020).

Challenges and Limitations of Telehealth Therapy

While telehealth therapy offers many benefits, it also comes with its own set of challenges and limitations.

Software and internet connectivity issues

One of the most common challenges in telehealth therapy is technical difficulties. These can include:

  • Poor internet connection

  • Audio or video quality issues

  • Software glitches

Younger generations tend to find virtual doctor visits easier than older generations. In any case, minimize these issues with a backup plan, like switching to a phone call if video conferencing fails.

Privacy and confidentiality concerns

Ensuring privacy and confidentiality in online therapy sessions is crucial. Therapists must use HIPAA-compliant platforms and take steps to protect patient information. patients should also be aware of their surroundings and ensure they have a private space for sessions.

Difficulty reading non-verbal cues

In video therapy sessions, it can be challenging for therapists to pick up on subtle non-verbal cues that might be more apparent in person. 68% of therapists reported difficulty in observing non-verbal communication during online sessions (Stoll et al., 2018).

Limitations for certain types of therapy or severe mental health conditions

While telehealth therapy is effective for many mental health conditions, it may not be suitable for all situations. Some limitations include:

  • Severe mental health conditions requiring in-person monitoring

  • Certain types of group therapy

  • Some forms of play therapy for children

How to Choose a Telehealth Mental Health Provider

If you’re considering telehealth therapy, here’s what to look for when selecting a provider for the best therapy experience.

Licenses and credentials

When choosing a telehealth therapist:

  • Verify the therapist’s license and credentials

  • Check if they are licensed to practice in your state

  • Look for specialized training in telehealth therapy

Platforms and security measures

Ensure that the therapist uses a secure, HIPAA-compliant platform for sessions. Ask about their privacy policies and data protection measures.

Insurance coverage and payment options

Check if your insurance covers telehealth therapy services. Many insurance providers have expanded their coverage for online mental health support in recent years. The Kaiser Family Foundation’s 2023 Employer Health Benefits Survey found that 91% of large employers included telehealth coverage in their health plans.

Assessing the fit between therapist and patient in a virtual setting

Finding the right therapist is crucial for successful therapy. Consider:

  • The therapist’s areas of expertise

  • Their approach to therapy

  • Your comfort level during initial consultations

Many telehealth platforms offer free initial consultations to help you find the right fit.

Best Practices for Effective Telehealth Therapy Sessions

To get the most out of telehealth therapy, therapists and patients should follow certain best practices.

Older woman using tablet

Set SOPs

Before starting telehealth services, the American Psychiatric Association recommends that providers assess their needs for training, space, and types of services. Organizations offering online mental health care should create standard procedures (SOPs), including quality improvement plans and ways to document provider credentials. 

Create a suitable environment for online sessions

Set up a quiet, private space for therapy sessions. This might include:

  • Using headphones for better audio quality and privacy

  • Ensuring good lighting for video sessions

  • Minimizing potential distractions

Prepare your tech and make backup plans

Before each session:

  • Test your internet connection

  • Ensure your device is fully charged

  • Have a backup plan (e.g., phone number) in case of technical issues

Establish rapport and trust

The American Psychological Association recommends developing a standard method for identifying both patients and providers at the start of each session. This could involve the provider stating their name and credentials, and asking the patient to provide their name and location. These guidelines help ensure professional and effective telehealth mental health services (Palmer et al., 2022).

Building a strong therapeutic relationship is just as important in online therapy as it is in person. Therapists should:

  • Use active listening techniques

  • Maintain eye contact by looking at the camera

  • Encourage open communication about the online therapy experience

Do therapy exercises and homework remotely

Woman touching cell phone with pink fingernails

Many therapeutic techniques can be adapted for online sessions. This might include:

  • Screen sharing for worksheets or educational materials

  • Using online tools for mood tracking or journaling

  • Assigning and reviewing homework through secure messaging platforms

A 2020 study found that 89% of patients were satisfied with their online therapy experience when therapists effectively adapted their techniques for the virtual setting (Wind et al., 2020).

Carry malpractice insurance

The American Telemedicine Association recommends telehealth providers to get malpractice insurance that covers online therapy (Palmer et al, 2022). 

When providing behavioral health care via telehealth, consult the American Psychological Association and American Psychiatric Association standards of care to ensure you’re providing ethical, quality care (Palmer et al., 2022).

The Future of Telehealth in Mental Health Care

The field of telehealth mental health therapy is rapidly evolving, with exciting developments on the horizon.

Some emerging trends in telehealth mental health care include:

  • AI-powered chatbots for initial assessments and support

  • VR therapy to treat phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

  • Wearable devices for real-time mood and stress monitoring

Integration with traditional therapy models

Many mental health providers are adopting a hybrid model, combining in-person and online therapy sessions. This approach allows for greater flexibility and personalization of care.

Potential for AI and machine learning in mental health support

AI and machine learning revolutionizes mental health care by:

  • Analyzing patterns in speech and facial expressions to detect early signs of mental health issues

  • Providing personalized treatment recommendations based on large datasets

  • Offering 24/7 support through AI-powered chatbots

Ongoing research and development in the field

Researchers continue to study the effectiveness of telehealth therapy and develop new technologies to improve mental health care. A 2022 meta-analysis of 56 studies found that telehealth therapy was as effective as in-person therapy for treating a wide range of mental health conditions (Fernandez et al., 2022).

Conclusion 

Telehealth mental health therapy can be a convenient, effective, and accessible way to access mental health support, especially in rural and underserved areas.

Whether you’re considering online therapy, or just curious about its potential, the growth of telehealth mental health services marks an exciting development in the field of mental health care. Take the first step towards better mental health today by exploring the telehealth options available to you.

References

AAP Research. (2023). AAP study shows telehealth use common in pediatric care. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Retrieved from https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/23772/AAP-study-shows-telehealth-use-common-in-pediatric

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Best Practices in Synchronous Videoconferencing-Based Telemental Health. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/getattachment/b87211d5-81bb-4d4f-af73-9caa738c2a1c/Resource-Document-Telemental-Health-Best-Practices.pdf/

Azar, R., Chan, R., Sarkisian, M., Burns, R. D., Marcin, J. P. , Gotthardt, C. De Guzman, K. R., Rosenthal, J. L., & Haynes, S. C. (2024). Adapting telehealth to address health equity: Perspectives of primary care providers across the United States. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare; 1-7. doi:10.1177/1357633X241238780

Barnett, M. L., Ray, K. N., Souza, J., & Mehrotra, A. (2019). Trends in Telemedicine Use in a Large Commercially Insured Population, 2005-2017. JAMA; 320(20), 2147-2149.

Berger, E. (2021). No-Cancel Culture: How Telehealth is Making it Easier to Keep That Therapy Session. Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) Health News. Retrieved from https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/no-cancel-culture-how-telehealth-is-making-it-easier-to-keep-that-therapy-session/

Dr. Josh. The Impact of Telemedicine on Mental Health. SmartClinix. Retrieved from https://smartclinix.net/the-impact-of-telemedicine-on-mental-health/

Fernandez, E., Woldgabreal, Y., Day, A., Pham, T., Gleich, B., & Aboujaoude, E. (2022). Live psychotherapy by video versus in-person: A meta-analysis of efficacy and its relationship to types and targets of treatment. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy; 29(4), 1307-1321.

How do I use telehealth for behavioral health care? (n.d.). Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA). Retrieved from  https://telehealth.hhs.gov/patients/additional-resources/telehealth-and-behavioral-health

Kaiser Family Foundation. (2023). 2023 Employer Health Benefits Survey. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/report-section/ehbs-2023-summary-of-findings/

Lattie, E. G., Adkins, E. C., Winquist, N., Stiles-Shields, C., Wafford, Q. E., & Graham, A. K. (2020). Digital Mental Health Interventions for Depression, Anxiety, and Enhancement of Psychological Well-Being Among College Students: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research; 22(7), e15396.

Lin, C. C., Dievler, A. , Robbins, C., Sripipatana, A., Quinn, M. & Nair, S. (2018). Telehealth in Health Centers: Key Adoption Factors, Barriers, and Opportunities. Retrieved from https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05125

Macmillan, C. (2021). Why Telehealth for Mental Health Care is Working. Yale Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/telehealth-for-mental-health/

Palmer, C. S., Brown Levey, S. M., Kostiuk, M., Zisner, A. R., Tolle, L. W., Richey, R. M., & Callan, S. (2022). Virtual Care for Behavioral Health Conditions. Primary Care; 49(4), 641-657. doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2022.04.008

Pierce, B. S., Perrin, P. B., Tyler, C. M., McKee, G. B., & Watson, J. D. (2021). The COVID-19 telepsychology revolution: A national study of pandemic-based changes in U.S. mental health care delivery. American Psychologist; 76(1), 14–25.

Stoll, J., Müller, J. A., & Trachsel, M. (2018). Ethical Issues in Online Psychotherapy: A Narrative Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 698.

Telehealth for the Treatment of Serious Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders. (2021). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Retrieved from https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/pep21-06-02-001.pdf

Telehealth in Mental Health Counseling: Benefits and Barriers. (2023). Walsh University. Retrieved from https://online.walsh.edu/news/telehealth-mental-health-benefits-barriers/

What is Telemental Health? (n.d.). National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/what-is-telemental-health

Wind, T. R., Rijkeboer, M., Andersson, G., & Riper, H. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: The ‘black swan’ for mental health care and a turning point for e-health. Internet Interventions; 20, 100317.

Understanding Your Telehealth Insurance Options

Understanding Your Telehealth Insurance Options

by Ree Health Tech

The convenience of healthcare access from your home makes telehealth more popular than ever. According to McKinsey, telehealth usage has stabilized at levels 38 times higher than before the pandemic. This surge in virtual care has prompted many insurance providers to expand their telehealth coverage, but you may not know how their telehealth insurance options work. 

Whether you’re looking for convenient access to medical professionals or seeking cost-effective healthcare solutions, you need to understand the telehealth insurance options available to you.

First, let’s explore what telehealth is and why coverage matters.

Contents

What is Telehealth and Why is Insurance Coverage Important?

Telehealth has become a buzzword in recent years, especially with the rise of digital health platforms and the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Telehealth, fairly synonymous with telemedicine, refers to the use of tech to provide healthcare services remotely. This can include video consultations, secure messaging, remote monitoring, texting, audio-only calls, and even virtual prescription refills. 

Benefits of telehealth services

In November 2021, 55% of respondents said they were more satisfied with telehealth or virtual care visits than with in-person appointments. 35% use other digital services, such as ordering prescriptions online and home delivery.

Telehealth benefits patients and healthcare providers in many ways (Hasselfeld, n.d.):

  • Convenience: Patients can consult with their healthcare providers from the comfort of their homes, which eliminates the need for travel and reduces wait times.

  • Access to Care: Telehealth is particularly beneficial for people in rural areas or those with mobility issues, providing access to specialists and primary care providers who may not be available in the local area.

  • Cost-Effective: By reducing the need for physical visits, telehealth can lower healthcare costs for both patients and providers.

  • Preventive Care: Regular virtual check-ups can help in the early detection and management of chronic conditions, improving overall health outcomes.

Importance of insurance coverage for telehealth

Insurance coverage for telehealth services is crucial for several reasons:

  • Reduced Out-of-Pocket Costs: Without insurance, telehealth costs can add up quickly. Insurance coverage helps mitigate these expenses.

  • Access to a Broader Network: Insurance plans often have agreements with a network of providers, making it easier for patients to find in-network telehealth services.

  • Comprehensive Care: Insurance can cover a wide range of telehealth services, from primary care to specialist consultations, ensuring that patients receive comprehensive care.

Now that we understand the basics of telehealth, let’s look at the different types of insurance plans that offer coverage for these services.

Types of Insurance Plans with Telehealth Coverage

When it comes to telehealth, not all insurance plans are created equal. 

One study found that insurers paid less for third-party telehealth visits than in-person care. Before COVID-19, only six U.S. states required equal payment for telehealth and in-person visits. By late 2021, more states adopted these laws, reducing potential cost savings for insurers as telehealth payments increased (Cuellar et al., 2022).

Here’s a breakdown of the different types of insurance plans that cover telehealth services.

Traditional health insurance 

Most traditional/private health insurance plans now include telehealth benefits. These plans cover a variety of services such as video consultations, e-prescriptions, and remote monitoring (HRSA, 2023).

Standalone telehealth insurance

Some companies offer standalone telehealth insurance plans. These are subscription-based services that provide unlimited access to telehealth consultations for a monthly fee.

However, there may be limitations like the specific types of care covered, requiring initial in-person visits, or capping the number of telehealth visits. Recently, many private insurers have started providing telehealth services through third-party platforms like Teladoc or AmWell (Healthcare Service Corporation, 2020).

Medicare and Medicaid

Medicare Part B covers certain telehealth services, including virtual visits with doctors and specialists (Medicare.gov, n.d.). Medicaid coverage for telehealth varies by state, but many states have expanded their telehealth benefits in recent years (Schwamm et al., 2017).

Employer-sponsored plans

People sitting in an auditorium for a presentation

Many employers offer health insurance plans that include telehealth services. These plans often come with additional benefits like mental health services and secure messaging with healthcare providers.

With various telehealth insurance options available, it’s important to know what features to consider when evaluating plans.

What to Look for in Telehealth Insurance Plans

Choosing the right telehealth insurance plan can be overwhelming. Here are some key features to consider.

Scope of covered services

Ensure the plan covers a wide range of services, including:

  • Primary Care: Regular check-ups and preventive care. Many plans cover virtual visits for routine health assessments.

  • Mental Health: Access to telepsychiatry and counseling services. Mental health services via telehealth can be as effective as in-person visits.

  • Specialist Consultations: Ensure the plan includes virtual visits with specialists like cardiologists, and dermatologists. This can save time and reduce the need for physical referrals.

Network of available providers

A robust network of in-network providers ensures that you have access to a variety of healthcare professionals without incurring additional costs. Check if the plan includes:

  • Local Providers: Access to local healthcare providers who offer telehealth services.

  • Specialists: A wide range of specialists are available for virtual consultations.

  • National Networks: Some plans offer access to national networks of providers, which can be beneficial if you travel frequently.

Cost-sharing 

Bottle of pills spilled on currency

Healthcare marketplaces offer affordable individual health insurance plans. These plans must meet standards for cost-sharing, which are the out-of-pocket expenses people pay for medical services. 

Cost-sharing typically includes deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance, though not all plans use all three types (Rakshit et al., 2023):

  • Copayments: The fixed amount you pay for each visit. The fixed amount you pay for each telehealth visit. Some plans may offer lower copayments for virtual visits compared to in-person visits.

  • Deductibles: The amount you need to pay out-of-pocket before the insurance starts covering services. You may want to pair a high-deductible plan with Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) to help manage costs.

  • Coinsurance: The percentage of costs you share with the insurance company after you’ve paid your deductible. For example, a plan might cover 80% of the cost, leaving you to pay the remaining 20%.

Technology platforms and user experience

The technology with a telehealth platform should be easy to use. Look for features like:

  • User-Friendly Interface: An intuitive and easy-to-use platform.

  • 24/7 Availability: Access to healthcare services at any time.

  • Short Wait Times: Minimal waiting period for consultations.

Quality of care

Nursing colleagues in hall wearing blue

While convenience is a significant factor, the quality of care should not be compromised. Look for plans that ensure (Wolters Kluwer, 2023):

  • Clinical Effectiveness: The platform should support high-quality care across different specialties like chronic conditions and mental health issues.

  • Access to Resources: Plans that provide easy access to educational resources can empower patients to take control of their health.

Several insurance companies offer telehealth coverage, each with its own features and benefits. Here’s a comparison of some popular providers in the following table with info from the Center for Connected Health Policy (2021).

ProviderProsConsUnique FeaturesCustomer Satisfaction
AetnaComprehensive coverage & wide networkHigher premiumsIntegration with CVS HealthHigh
Blue Cross Blue ShieldBroad coverage & various plan optionsVaries by stateSpecialized telehealth programsHigh
Kaiser PermanenteIntegrated care model & user-friendly appLimited to certain regionsSeamless care coordinationVery High
UnitedHealthcareExtensive provider network & 24/7 availabilityComplex cost-sharingVirtual health assistantsModerate

Studies show patients prefer video telehealth over audio-only, reporting higher satisfaction and better outcomes. Video telehealth users are less likely to need emergency or in-person care (Lee et al., 2023). 

Armed with knowledge about different plans and their key features, let’s learn how to pick the best telehealth insurance plan for your needs.

How to Choose the Right Telehealth Insurance Plan for You

Doctor and patient virtual meeting both male

Selecting the right telehealth insurance plan requires careful consideration of your healthcare needs and preferences. Here are some steps to guide you.

Assess your healthcare needs

Identify your healthcare needs and preferences. Consider the following questions:

  • Do you need frequent specialist consultations?

  • Are mental health services important to you?

  • Do you have any chronic conditions that need regular monitoring?

Evaluate costs

Consider your budget and review the costs associated with each plan, including premiums, copayments, and deductibles.

  • Premiums: The monthly cost of the insurance plan.

  • Out-of-Pocket Costs: Copayments, deductibles, and coinsurance. For example, Medicare Part B covers certain telehealth services after you’ve paid the deductible, with a 20% coinsurance.

  • Additional Fees: Any additional fees for using telehealth services, such as subscription fees for standalone telehealth plans.

Check provider networks

Ensure the plan has a network of providers that includes your preferred doctors and specialists. This can help you avoid out-of-network charges and ensure continuity of care.

Review policy terms

Med insurance policy paper

Read the policy terms and conditions carefully. Look for any exclusions or limitations on telehealth services (Upvio, n.d.). For example, some plans may limit the number of telehealth visits they cover per year.

Consider integration with an existing plan

If you already have a health insurance plan, check if the telehealth plan works seamlessly with your existing coverage to provide a more comprehensive healthcare solution.

Tips to Maximize Your Telehealth Insurance Benefits

Once you have chosen a telehealth insurance plan, here are some tips to get the most out of it.

Medicare card and Rx closeup

Understand your coverage limits

Know the limits and restrictions of your coverage. This includes the number of visits covered and any specific conditions that apply (Upvio, n.d.). For example, some Medicare Advantage Plans offer more telehealth benefits than Original Medicare. 

Prepare for virtual appointments

Prepare for your virtual visit. Get your medical history and questions ready. Ensure you have a stable internet connection and a quiet, private space for the consultation.

Keep records

Maintain records of your telehealth visits and expenses to help you track your healthcare costs and manage your budget. Keeping detailed records can also be useful for any follow-up care or claims disputes.

Communicate effectively

Effective communication with your healthcare provider is key. Be clear about your symptoms and concerns. Beyond calling, you can use secure messaging within your patient portal to ask follow-up questions or clarify any doubts.

Stay informed

Keep track of any updates to your policy. Insurance plans can change, and staying informed ensures you continue to receive the best care. Check for updates from your insurance provider regularly, and review any new benefits or changes in coverage.

Use available resources

Take advantage of any educational resources provided by your telehealth platform. These resources can help you better understand your health conditions and treatment options, and empower you to make informed decisions about your care.

Telehealth insurance options have expanded significantly, providing us with more flexibility, convenience, and access to virtual care. However, navigating telehealth insurance options can be complex. By understanding the various plans available and considering your unique healthcare needs, you can select a telehealth insurance option that provides comprehensive coverage and peace of mind. 

Remember to review your policy on a regular basis and stay informed about new developments in telehealth insurance. Over time, insurance coverage will likely adapt their virtual care options to meet our changing healthcare needs. Take the time to explore your options and make an informed decision to ensure you’re getting the most out of your telehealth insurance coverage.

References

An Analysis of Private Payer Telehealth Coverage. (2021). Center for Connected Health Policy. Retrieved from https://www.cchpca.org/2021/04/Private-Payer-Telehealth-Coverage-Reportfinal.pdf

Bestsennyy, O., Gilbert, G., Harris, A. & Rost, J. (2021). McKinsey & Company. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare/our-insights/telehealth-a-quarter-trillion-dollar-post-covid-19-reality

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (n.d.). Telehealth. Medicare.gov. Retrieved from  https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/telehealth

Cordina, J., Levin, E., Stein, G.  (2022). Consumer Health Insights: How respondents are adapting to the “new normal.” McKinsey & Company. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare/our-insights/covid-19-consumer-healthcare-insights-what-2021-may-hold

Cost-Sharing Charges. (2023). Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Retrieved from https://www.healthreformbeyondthebasics.org/cost-sharing-charges-in-marketplace-health-insurance-plans-answers-to-frequently-asked-questions/

Cuellar, A., Pomeroy, J. M. L., Burla, S., Jena, A. B. (2022). Outpatient Care Among Users and Nonusers of Direct-to-Patient Telehealth: Observational Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research;24(6):e37574. doi:10.2196/37574 

Five key features telehealth patients want: Insights for healthcare developers. (2023). Wolters Kluwer. Retrieved from https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/expert-insights/5-key-features-telehealth-patients-want-healthcare-developers-insights

Hasselfeld, B. W. (n.d.). Benefits of Telemedicine. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/benefits-of-telemedicine

How to Check Telehealth Insurance Coverage. (n.d.). Upvio. Retrieved from https://upvio.com/blog/telehealth/how-to-check-telehealth-insurance-coverage

Lee, E. C., Grigorescu, V. Enogieru, I., Smith, S. R. Samson, L. W., Conmy, A. B., & De Lew, N. (2023). Updated National Survey Trends in Telehealth Utilization and Modality (2021-2022). Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE). Retrieved from  https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/7d6b4989431f4c70144f209622975116/household-pulse-survey-telehealth-covid-ib.pdf

Private insurance coverage for telehealth. (2023). Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA). Retrieved from https://telehealth.hhs.gov/providers/billing-and-reimbursement/private-insurance-coverage-for-telehealth 

Rakshit, S., Rae, M., Claxton, G., Amin, K., & Cox, C. (2023). Private Insurer Payments for Telehealth and In-Person Claims During the Pandemic. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved from  https://www.kff.org/mental-health/issue-brief/early-in-the-pandemic-private-insurers-paid-similarly-for-common-telehealth-and-in-person-claims/

Schwamm L.H., Chumbler N., Brown E., et al. (2017). Recommendations for the implementation of telehealth in cardiovascular and stroke care: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation;135(7):e24–e44. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000475

Stay Informed on COVID-19. (2020). Health Care Service Corporation. Retrieved from  https://www.hcsc.com/newsroom/category/company-news/covid-19-information/